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A Methodological Study on the SWOT-AHP Analytical Model for the Development of a New Airport Based on Air Cargo Logistics: Part Ⅰ. Research Framework and Methodology

항공물류 기반의 신공항 개발을 위한 SWOT-AHP 분석모델 방법론에 대한 연구: Part Ⅰ. 연구모형 및 방법론

Suehyeon Lee12*
,
Kihan Song3
이 수현12*
,
송 기한3
1Ph.D. Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology
2Executive Director, Airport Department, SooSung Engineering Co., Ltd.
3Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology
1서울과학기술대학교 건설시스템공학과 박사과정
2㈜수성엔지니어링 공항부 상무
3서울과학기술대학교 건설시스템공학과 교수
*Corresponding Author
19 September 2025. pp. 24-35
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Abstract

This study proposes a SWOT-AHP integrated analytical model that enables quantitative analysis of strategic factors for the development of a new airport based on air cargo logistics, and applies it to the case of Saemangeum International Airport. In order to overcome the qualitative limitations of traditional SWOT analysis and the difficulty of deriving strategic priorities, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was adopted to quantify the relative importance of strategic factors and derive actionable strategic directions. Through the collection of expert opinions from professionals in air cargo, airport operations, and policy, key factors corresponding to Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats were identified, and a three-level hierarchical AHP model was constructed. Pairwise comparison evaluations and consistency tests were conducted to calculate reliable weights and analyze strategic priorities. The results indicate that Saemangeum International Airport possesses notable strengths such as specialization in e-commerce-based logistics, cold chain, and Sea&Air multimodal transport, but also exhibits weaknesses including inadequate infrastructure and an immature air logistics ecosystem. These factors serve as core considerations in formulating a future strategy for transforming the airport into a logistics-centered cargo hub. The proposed SWOT-AHP model is not limited to this specific case but can be generalized and applied to other fields, including airport logistics planning, logistics cluster development, and national logistics policy-making. It offers a valid analytical framework to support strategic decision-making.

Keywords
Air Cargo Logistics
New Airport Development
SWOT Analysis
Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)
Strategic Prioritization

본 연구는 항공물류 기반 신공항 개발전략 수립에 있어 전략요인의 정량적 분석을 가능하게 하는 SWOT-AHP 융합분석모형을 제안하고, 이를 새만금국제공항 사례에 적용하였다. 기존의 SWOT 분석이 갖는 정성적 한계와 전략 우선순위 도출의 어려움을 극복하기 위해, AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) 기법을 결합함으로써 각 전략요인의 상대적 중요도를 계량화하고, 실행 가능한 전략방향을 도출하고자 하였다. 분석 과정에서는 항공물류, 공항 운영, 정책 관련 전문가 집단의 의견을 수집하여, 강점(Strength), 약점(Weakness), 기회(Opportunity), 위협(Threat)에 해당하는 핵심 요인을 도출하였으며, 이를 바탕으로 3단계 계층구조의 AHP 모형을 구축하였다. 이후 쌍대비교 평가와 일관성 검토를 통해 신뢰도 높은 가중치를 산정하고, 전략적 우선순위를 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 새만금국제공항은 전자상거래 기반 특화 물류, 콜드체인, Sea&Air 복합운송 등 다양한 강점을 보유하고 있으나, 항공물류 생태계 미성숙, 인프라 미비 등의 약점도 동시에 내포하고 있음이 확인되었다. 이러한 요소들은 향후 공항의 항공화물 전용화 및 물류 중심 공항으로의 전환 전략 수립 시 핵심 고려요소로 작용할 수 있다. 본 연구에서 제시한 SWOT-AHP 분석모형은 특정 공항 사례에 국한되지 않고, 항공물류 기반 공항 개발, 물류클러스터 조성, 국가 물류정책 수립 등 다양한 분야에 일반화 가능하며, 전략적 의사결정을 위한 유효한 분석틀로 활용될 수 있다.

키워드
항공물류
신공항 개발
SWOT 분석
AHP 기법
전략 우선순위
References
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Information
  • Publisher :The Korean Society of Airport
  • Publisher(Ko) :한국공항학회
  • Journal Title :Journal of the Korean Society of Airport
  • Journal Title(Ko) :한국공항학회지
  • Volume : 1
  • No :1
  • Pages :24-35
  • Received Date : 2025-08-08
  • Revised Date : 2025-08-22
  • Accepted Date : 2025-09-12
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.23379/jkosap.1.1.24
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